It is well substantiated that the enteric flora contribute to the maintenance of normal physiological balance in man and animals. It is also known from numerous studies that changes in the composition of the bacterial population, and in its distribution throughout the gastrointestinal tract, are frequently associated with various pathological conditions. These subjects have been amply reviewed (1-3). However, in spite of the widespread interest in this field, little is known concerning the ecological regulating mechanisms that operate in the intestine, i.e., about those factors which control whether or not, and to what extent a certain microorganism will grow in a given part of the intestinal tract. The main obstacle to studying these mechanisms is the adequacy of most cultural methods for isolating and subculturing the strictly anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria that predominate in the large intestine.